Medieval History of India Part III

 

Arabs Invasions

• During the Khaliphate of Omar, Arab forces made fertile attempts to get Bombay

• Arabs captured Sindh in 712 AD.

• The Arab conquest of Sindh was led by Muhammed Bin Kassim.

• Muhammed Bin Khasim was the nephew of Al- Hajaj, the governor of the Arab province of Basra.

• Dahir, a Brahmin was the ruler of Punjab at that time. He was killed by Kassim.

• The Arabs lost control over Sindh in 779 AD.

• Arab conquest of Sindh resulted in the spread of Islam to North India.

• But Islam was first introduced in India by Malik Ibn Dinar in Kerala in 644 AD.

Turkish Invasions

• Ghazni in Afghanistan was ruled by a Turkish family called Gamini of Ghaznavid dynasty.

• Muhammed Ghazni was the first Turkish conqueror of North India.

• Muhammad Ghazni's father was Subu ktigin.

• He attacked India only for want of wealth.

• He attacked India seventeen times between 1000 and 1027 AD. He made all the raids in the guise of Jihad.

• First Invasion was in 1001 AD.

• He defeated Jaipal and Anandpal of Shahi dynasty in 1001 and 1009 respectively.

• The most important raid of Muhammed was the Somanath expedition. It was in 1025. He completely destroyed the temple. Somanath Temple was on the sea coast of Gujarat.

• Muhammed Ghazni died in 30th April 1030.

• Later his son Masud attacked India and captured Kashmir.

• The famous Persian poet Firdausiwho wrote

• 'Shahnama' (The Book of Kings) lived in his court.

• Alberuni, an Arab Historian, who wrote Tarikhul- Hind (Reality of Hindustan), accompanied Muhammed Ghazni to India.

• Al-Firdausi is known as 'Indian Homer', 'Persian Homer', or 'The Immortal Homer of the East'.Muhammed of Ghore attacked India betwen 1175 and 1206 AD.

• Muhammed Ghori made his first expedition to India and captured multan in 1175 AD.

• In the First Battle Tarain in 1191 (near Taneswar) Muhammed Ghori was defeated by the Rajput forces underPrithviraj Chauhan III.

• In the Second Battle of Tarain (1192 AD) Muhammed Ghori assisted by Qutub -ud-din Aibek a slave, defeated Prithviraj Chauhan III and killed him.

• In 1193 Muhamed Ghori attacked Jaichand, father in law of Prithviraj . III at Kanauj, Jaichand was defeated.

• Muhammed Ghori returned from India by intrusting his territories in India in the hands of Qutub- Uddin Aibak.

• After the death of Ghori in 1206 Aibek founded the Slave Dynasty.

• Muhammed Ghoris Indian invasion resulted in the foundation of Islamic rule in India.
  
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